Quantitative prediction of light distribution in bladder tissue is crucial for determining effective and safe laser irradiation levels during whole bladder photoradiation therapy.
The optical properties of bladder tissue (scattering, absorption, and anisotropy) have been mneasured for normal and diseased bladder tissue sensitized with hematophorphyrin-derivative, using a modified integrating sphere arrangement. These properties were used in a theoretical model to predict the light distribution during laser irradiation. Optimal irradiation dosages were then predicted for argon (514.5 nm) and dye (630 nm) lasers. In addition, temperature rises in the tissue were computed for selected irradiation conditions.
W. F. Cheong, S. A. Prahl, A. J. Welch, M. J. C. van Gemert, and C. R. Denham. Optical properties of bladder tissue and optimal dosage predictions for photoradiation therapy. Lasers Surg. Med., 6:190-191, 1986.