This paper presents a discussion of diagnostic and dosimetric optical measurements in medicine and biology. The introduction covers the topics of tissue optical properties, tissue boundary conditions, and invasive versus noninvasive measurements. Clinical applications of therapeutic dosimetry and diagnostic spectroscopy are discussed. The principles of diffuse reflectance and transmittance measurements are presented. Experimental studies illustrate reflectance spectroscopy and steady-state versus time-resovled measurements.
B. C. Wilson, S. L. Jacques, "Optical reflectance and transmittance of tissues: Principles and applications," IEEE J. Quantum Electron.,26, 2186-2199 (1990).